Boiling point: The temperature at which a liquid substance turns into a gas.Melting point: The temperature at which a solid substance turns into a liquid.Electron configuration: The arrangement of electrons in an atom or molecule.Natural form: The most stable and abundant form of an element that occurs naturally in the environment.Atomic weight: The average mass of an element's atoms, typically given in atomic mass units (amu).K) at 25 ✬ and 1 at 0.230 Oxidation number 4 Electronic affinity (eV) 0.43 1st Ionization energy (eV) 6.6339 Definition of terms in the previous table.K) at 25✬ and 1 at 0.28 Thermal conductivity (W/cm.Symmary of properties (Zr) Atomic weight 91.224(2) Discoverer (year) Klaproth, Martin Heinrich (1789) Natural form metallic solid (hexagonal) Electron configuration 4 d 2 5 s 2 M.p. These spectra are usefull to identify the elements present in a sample. This results in a characteristic emission line in the spectra (which corresponds to specific wavelengths of light). When an electron in an atom is excited to a higher energy level, it can de-excite by emitting a photon of light with an energy equal to the difference between the two levels. The orbitals are filled in a specific order, starting with the lowest energy orbital and working up.Įach element in the periodic table presents its own unique emission spectra, which is determined by the energy levels of its electrons. In the electron configuration notation, the letters "s", "p", "d", and "f" represent the different types of atomic orbitals, and the superscripts indicate the number of electrons in each orbital. The electron configuration of an element describes the arrangement of electrons in the atoms of that element, and be used to predict its chemical properties and reactivity. Brilliant zirconia crystals that look like diamonds are also made. Zirconia powder is heated to produce a hard, glass-like ceramic, which is used to create dental crowns and sharp ceramic knives. Today, however, the element is mainly used in the form of zirconium dioxide, ZrO 2, or zirconia. The Swedish chemist Jacob Berzelius was the first person to isolate pure zirconium, in 1824. Zirconium is named after the mineral zircon, which means “ golden” in Persian, a reference to the golden brown colour of its crystals.
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